Science
 2016
DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5036
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Zika virus in the Americas: Early epidemiological and genetic findings

Nuno R. Faria
1
,
Raimunda do Socorro da Silva Azevedo
2
,
Moritz U. G. Kraemer
3
et al.

Abstract: Zika virus genomes from Brazil The Zika virus outbreak is a major cause for concern in Brazil, where it has been linked with increased reports of otherwise rare birth defects and neuropathology. In a phylogenetic analysis, Faria et al. infer a single introduction of Zika to the Americas and estimated the introduction date to be about May to December 2013—some 12 months earlier than the virus was reported. This timing correlates with major events in the Brazilian c… Show more

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Cited by 1,094 publications

(1,050 citation statements)
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“…There is no obvious virological explanation, based upon our sequence analysis, for the increased occurrence of neurological disease cases associated with the outbreak in Brazil. This is in accordance with other findings which have similarly suggested that there are no specific mutations in the viral genome associated with severe cases [ 54 ]. However, the role of mutations in ZIKV isolates needs to be assessed by reverse genetics approaches to provide conclusive evidence.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…There is no obvious virological explanation, based upon our sequence analysis, for the increased occurrence of neurological disease cases associated with the outbreak in Brazil. This is in accordance with other findings which have similarly suggested that there are no specific mutations in the viral genome associated with severe cases [ 54 ]. However, the role of mutations in ZIKV isolates needs to be assessed by reverse genetics approaches to provide conclusive evidence.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 94%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…As can be seen in Table , our results suggest that the ZIKV strains isolated in the American region evolved from ancestors that existed around February 20, 2014. This is in agreement with recent studies that estimate the tMRCA of Brazilian isolates between August 2013 and April 2014 or October 2013 and March 2014 …”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…As can be seen in Table 1, our results suggest that the ZIKV strains isolated in the American region evolved from ancestors that existed around February 20, 2014. This is in agreement with recent studies that estimate the tMRCA of Brazilian isolates between August 2013 and April 2014 22,23 or October 2013 and March 2014. 24 When the GTR + Γ model is used, a mean rate of 1.55 × 10 −3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year (s/s/y) was obtained for the ZIKV strains included in these studies (Table 1).…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…We found a time lag of 5–6 months (20–24 weeks) between the first reported Zika epidemic wave and the MC peak in case counts. This coincides with previous observations suggesting a link between the development of neurological complications in newborns and ZIKV infection during the second trimester (Faria et al, 2016a). We note that our lag may be offset by around 1–4 weeks, however, since the date of MC cases in our dataset represents the date of diagnostic confirmation, which is usually done postpartum.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 92%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
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