Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
 1998
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.4.865
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The relation between perception and behavior, or how to win a game of Trivial Pursuit.

Ap Dijksterhuis1,
Ad van Knippenberg2

Abstract: The authors tested and confirmed the hypothesis that priming a stereotype or trait leads to complex overt behavior in line with this activated stereotype or trait. Specifically, 4 experiments established that priming the stereotype of professors or the trait intelligent enhanced participants' performance on a scale measuring general knowledge. Also, priming the stereotype of soccer hooligans or the trait stupid reduced participants' performance on a general knowledge scale. Results of the experiments revealed … Show more

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Cited by 632 publications

(470 citation statements)
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“…As demonstrated in the literature on shifting social identities (Mussweiler, Gabriel, & Bodenhausen, 2000), protective measures against self-threat may include strategies that separate the self from the threatening criterion. These findings are consistent with current literature suggesting that stereotype self-involvement is associated with stereotype priming effects (Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998;Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita, & Gray, 2002;Wheeler, Jarvis, & Petty, 2001). Individuation, by contrast, lowers self-involvement.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 94%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…As demonstrated in the literature on shifting social identities (Mussweiler, Gabriel, & Bodenhausen, 2000), protective measures against self-threat may include strategies that separate the self from the threatening criterion. These findings are consistent with current literature suggesting that stereotype self-involvement is associated with stereotype priming effects (Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998;Shih, Ambady, Richeson, Fujita, & Gray, 2002;Wheeler, Jarvis, & Petty, 2001). Individuation, by contrast, lowers self-involvement.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 94%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…However, there were no differences between these conditions. Yet this obtained pattern of results is consistent with earlier findings that people primed with conformity goals conform more than control participants, whereas people primed with nonconformity goals do not differ from control participants (Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998; Epley & Gilovich, 1999). Although multiple explanations for this pattern of results exist, a simple one is that individuals act more on conformity than on nonconformity goals in an experimental context (cf.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 91%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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“…This, in turn, suggests that mortality salience inductions might be additive. This seems consistent with prior work showing that varying the duration and thus degree of a construct's accessibility also varies the influence that the construct exerts on thinking and behavior (e.g., Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998). It is also possible that defensive distancing is only triggered when death-thought accessibility reaches a threshold that simply was not reached in the control conditions.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 90%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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