Toward a trophic theory of species diversity

Terborgh, John

doi:10.1073/pnas.1501070112

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

2015

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501070112

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Toward a trophic theory of species diversity

John Terborgh

¹

Abstract: Efforts to understand the ecological regulation of species diversity via bottom-up approaches have failed to yield a consensus theory. Theories based on the alternative of top-down regulation have fared better. Paine's discovery of keystone predation demonstrated that the regulation of diversity via top-down forcing could be simple, strong, and direct, yet ecologists have persistently failed to perceive generality in Paine's result. Removing top predators destabilizes many systems and drives transitions to rad… Show more

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Cited by 246 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…4c , n = 911 species). This result is consistent with ecological diversity theories wherein preferential removal of dominant species by predators supports increases in rare species (i.e., density-dependent mortality) 24 – 26 . This disturbance may also shift tree diversity if wild boars are selective in their harvest of stems or if there are differences in tree species survival or recovery from stem damage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Cross-boundary subsidy cascades from oil palm degrade distant tropical forests

Luskin

¹

,

Brashares

²

,

Ickes

³

et al. 2017

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…4c , n = 911 species). This result is consistent with ecological diversity theories wherein preferential removal of dominant species by predators supports increases in rare species (i.e., density-dependent mortality) 24 – 26 . This disturbance may also shift tree diversity if wild boars are selective in their harvest of stems or if there are differences in tree species survival or recovery from stem damage.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Cross-boundary subsidy cascades from oil palm degrade distant tropical forests

Luskin

¹

,

Brashares

²

,

Ickes

³

et al. 2017

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…In Barro Colorado Island, Lebrija-Trejos et al (2014) found that 98% of a total of 222 species show negative density dependence in the first year after germination, when considering the density of juvenile and adults individuals. This is in line with our results, considering that the conspecific density dependence is stronger in the seed and seedling phases (Terborgh, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Conspecific density plays a pivotal role in shaping sapling community in highly fragmented subtropical forests

Silva

¹

,

Pfeifer

²

,

Vibrans

³

2022

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…We confirm the conclusions of previous studies that local biotic factors, such as predation and productivity, are important drivers of aquatic biodiversity (e.g., Chase, ; Hairston & Hairston, ; Terborgh, ). Our local biotic model consistently outperformed topographic and climate models, with biological variables explaining between 30% and 52% of the variation in alpha diversity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Aeshnid dragonflies are opportunistic predators of coenagrionid damselflies and other mobile taxa (McPeek, ), and dytiscid beetles are generalist predators and scavengers (Hicks, ; Obha, ; Velasco & Millan, ). These findings support recent assertions of the strength of top‐down processes at determining community structure (Boersma et al., ; Terborgh, ). Further research is needed to determine whether biotic and climate drivers interact synergistically to amplify their effects on functional diversity and trait composition.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Climate extremes are associated with invertebrate taxonomic and functional composition in mountain lakes

Boersma

¹

,

Nickerson

²

,

Francis

³

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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