The relevance of moral norms in distinct relational contexts: Purity versus harm norms regulate self-directed actions

Dungan, James; Chakroff, Alek; Young, Liane

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173405

PLoS ONE

2017

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173405

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The relevance of moral norms in distinct relational contexts: Purity versus harm norms regulate self-directed actions

James Dungan

¹

,

Alek Chakroff

²

,

Liane Young

³

Abstract: Recent efforts to partition the space of morality have focused on the descriptive content of distinct moral domains (e.g., harm versus purity), or alternatively, the relationship between the perpetrator and victim of moral violations. Across three studies, we demonstrate that harm and purity norms are relevant in distinct relational contexts. Moral judgments of purity violations, compared to harm violations, are relatively more sensitive to the negative impact perpetrators have on themselves versus other victi… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…First, they support the dissociation of causal and mental-state processes in moral judgment (Cushman, 2008;Rottman & Young, 2019;Young et al, 2007Young et al, , 2010. Second, they support disparate judgment processes for harmful versus "victimless" moral violations (Chakroff et al, 2013(Chakroff et al, , 2017Dungan et al, 2017;Giner-Sorolla & Chapman, 2017;Rottman & Young, 2019). Third, they reinforce the idea that punishment often involves a "backward-looking" retributive focus on responsibility, rather than a "forwards-looking" focus on rehabilitation, incapacitation, or deterrence (which, we presume, would generally favor treating solo and group actors equivalently).…”

Section: Solo Jointmentioning

confidence: 73%

Diffusion of Punishment in Collective Norm Violations

Keshmirian

¹

,

Hemmatian

²

,

Bahrami

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

2

0

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…First, they support the dissociation of causal and mental-state processes in moral judgment (Cushman, 2008;Rottman & Young, 2019;Young et al, 2007Young et al, , 2010. Second, they support disparate judgment processes for harmful versus "victimless" moral violations (Chakroff et al, 2013(Chakroff et al, , 2017Dungan et al, 2017;Giner-Sorolla & Chapman, 2017;Rottman & Young, 2019). Third, they reinforce the idea that punishment often involves a "backward-looking" retributive focus on responsibility, rather than a "forwards-looking" focus on rehabilitation, incapacitation, or deterrence (which, we presume, would generally favor treating solo and group actors equivalently).…”

Section: Solo Jointmentioning

confidence: 73%

Diffusion of Punishment in Collective Norm Violations

Keshmirian

¹

,

Hemmatian

²

,

Bahrami

³

et al. 2022

Preprint

2

0

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…First, they support the dissociation of causal and mental-state processes in moral judgment [6][7][8]32 . Second, they support disparate judgment processes for harmful versus "victimless" moral violations [26][27][28][29][30]32 . Third, they reinforce the idea that punishment often involves a "backward-looking", retributive focus on responsibility, rather than a "forwards-looking" focus on rehabilitation, incapacitation, or deterrence (which, we presume, would generally favor treating solo and group actors Vol:.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion of punishment in collective norm violations

Keshmirian

¹

,

Hemmatian

²

,

Bahrami

³

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…Finally, our stimuli included only harm violations and not other kinds of moral wrongs, including violations of norms about purity, loyalty, or other concerns (Graham, Haidt, & Nosek, 2009). Recent work suggests that the influence of intentions on moral judgment is strongest for harm violations and less strong for other kinds of violations, including purity violations (Chakroff, Dungan, & Young, 2013; Chakroff et al., 2016; Chakroff, Russell, Piazza, & Young, 2017; Chakroff & Young, 2015; Dungan, Chakroff, & Young, 2017; Giner‐Sorolla & Chapman, 2017). From this perspective, harm violations are an ideal set of stimuli with which to test our hypotheses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cognitive Load on Intent‐Based Moral Judgment

Martin

¹

,

Buon²,

Cushman

³

2021

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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