T H 2 and T H 17 inflammatory pathways are reciprocally regulated in asthma

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…This might also be needed in nasal polyps in which upregulation of IL-17 immunity polyps has been reported in association with blood eosinophilia. 42 Indeed, and in contrast to our study, Choy et al 12 found eosinophilia in asthmatic patients with an IL-17-high gene signature. Thus it cannot be excluded that some patients with IL-17-high asthma could respond to anti-IL-5 treatments that target IL-5 and eosinophils.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

IL-17–high asthma with features of a psoriasis immunophenotype

Östling

¹

,

Geest

²

,

Schofield

³

et al. 2019

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…4E). Our results agree with a recent report (27), which suggested an inhibitory role of IL4/IL13. We asked if this relationship existed in vivo.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…We showed IL4 and IL13 inhibited the production of IL8, a critical mediator of neutrophilic asthma. Our result is in agreement with the recent reports on the inhibition of proneutrophilic chemokines (27) and growth factors (40) by type 2 cytokines.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Mechanism of TH2/TH17-predominant and neutrophilic TH2/TH17-low subtypes of asthma

Liu

¹

,

Liu

²

,

Verma

³

et al. 2017

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…33 However, only about a third of sputum eosinophilic patients with moderate-to-severe asthma had high airway mucosal CCL26 expression (Table IV). This finding is consistent with a previous report by Choy et al 36 of only a fraction of sputum eosinophilic mild asthmatic patients having a T H 2 phenotype (evaluated based on periostin, SERPINB2, and CLCA1 expression in endobronchial brushings). Type 2 activity, as evidenced by enriched IL-4/IL-13 downstream activity, would also be expected to coincide with IL-5 activity, which leads to eosinophil generation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Identification of airway mucosal type 2 inflammation by using clinical biomarkers in asthmatic patients

Silkoff

¹

,

Laviolette

²

,

Singh

³

et al. 2017

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.