Evolution Letters
 2021
DOI: 10.1002/evl3.212
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Structure and contingency determine mutational hotspots for flower color evolution

Lucas C. Wheeler
1
,
Boswell A. Wing
2
,
Stacey D. Smith
3

Abstract: Evolutionary genetic studies have uncovered abundant evidence for genomic hotspots of phenotypic evolution, as well as biased patterns of mutations at those loci. However, the theoretical basis for this concentration of particular types of mutations at particular loci remains largely unexplored. In addition, historical contingency is known to play a major role in evolutionary trajectories, but has not been reconciled with the existence of such hotspots. For example, do the appearance of hotspots and the fixati… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)
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“…Variation in the ower color is often associated with the avonoid composition regulated through the biosynthesis pathway, which has been discussed in the ecological and evolutional contexts (Wheeler and Smith 2019; Wheeler et al, 2021). Our aglycone analysis unveiled that the three species share the same aglycones, likely synthesized via a avonoid biosynthesis pathway proposed in Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 53%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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“…Variation in the ower color is often associated with the avonoid composition regulated through the biosynthesis pathway, which has been discussed in the ecological and evolutional contexts (Wheeler and Smith 2019; Wheeler et al, 2021). Our aglycone analysis unveiled that the three species share the same aglycones, likely synthesized via a avonoid biosynthesis pathway proposed in Fig.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 53%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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“…Despite the unique anthocyanin decoration chemistry of G. major , these pigments are underpinned by a predictable biosynthesis pathway. The expression of most candidate anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes including those encoding flavonoid 3′‐ and 3′,5′‐hydroxylase (Seitz et al., 2015 ) and dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase (Johnson et al., 2001 ) match expectations for delphinidin‐based systems (Wheeler et al., 2021 ). Interestingly, in both the purple and white morphs of G. major , a sole Asp‐type DFR was expressed in the floral and vegetative tissues.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 76%
“…One common feature of Asp‐type DFRs is that they cannot utilise DHK as efficiently as DHM or DHQ (Johnson et al., 2001 ). In conjunction with F3′H and F3′5′H activities, this specialised DFR function is postulated to have enabled the exclusive accumulation of delphinidin‐based anthocyanins (Seitz et al., 2015 ; Wheeler et al., 2021 ). As such, Asp‐type DFRs have been pivotal targets for engineering novel blue‐coloured flowers in roses (Katsumoto et al., 2007 ), carnations (Tanaka & Brugliera, 2013 ) and chrysanthemums (Noda et al., 2013 , 2017 ), among others.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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“…Variation in the expression pattern of MYBs and their co‐activators accounts for the majority of flower colour variation across and between species (Fig. 4d–f ), as surveys of genetic variation in flower pigmentation across species found that the genes encoding the MBW complexes themselves display faster rates of molecular evolution than their downstream biosynthetic enzymes (Schwinn et al ., 2006 ; Wessinger & Rausher, 2012 ; Wheeler et al ., 2021 , 2022 ). This phenomenon is likely adaptive, as it allows for the preservation of pigment biosynthesis pathways for other processes, such as stress responses and the pigmentation of other organs (Davies et al ., 2018 ).…”
Section: Organizing and Modifying The Colour Shape And Texture Of Pet...mentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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