2020
DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.18.388850
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SARS-CoV-2 infection suppresses ACE2 function and antiviral immune response in the upper respiratory tract of infected patients

Lucía Gutiérrez-Chamorro
1
,
Eva Riveira‐Muñoz
2
,
Clara Barrios
3
et al.

Abstract: There is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the transmissibility and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is a host ectopeptidase with well-described anti-inflammatory and tissue protective functions and the receptor for the virus. Understanding SARS-CoV-2-ACE2 interaction and the expression of antiviral host genes in early infection phase is crucial for fighting the pandemic. We tested the significance of soluble ACE2 enzymatic activity longitudinally in positive nasopharyngeal swabs … Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)
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“…Furthermore, COVID-19 displays a profile of early IFN inhibition [ 231 ], and IFNs may not be significantly induced or even inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs, thus possibly hindering the pattern of ACE2 upregulation during host antiviral response [ 232 , 233 ]. In line with these findings, in nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients, decreased soluble ACE2 activity and ACE2 gene expression but increased expression of IFN stimulation genes were reported [ 234 ], suggesting the existence of IFN-independent mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 suppresses ACE2 expression and function. Overall, the role of IFN stimulation of ACE2 expression in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 related lung injury is currently still a matter of debate.…”
Section: Low Levels Of Lung Expression Of Ace2 and Accessory Proteinsmentioning
confidence: 57%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…Furthermore, COVID-19 displays a profile of early IFN inhibition [ 231 ], and IFNs may not be significantly induced or even inhibited by SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs, thus possibly hindering the pattern of ACE2 upregulation during host antiviral response [ 232 , 233 ]. In line with these findings, in nasopharyngeal swabs of COVID-19 patients, decreased soluble ACE2 activity and ACE2 gene expression but increased expression of IFN stimulation genes were reported [ 234 ], suggesting the existence of IFN-independent mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 suppresses ACE2 expression and function. Overall, the role of IFN stimulation of ACE2 expression in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 related lung injury is currently still a matter of debate.…”
Section: Low Levels Of Lung Expression Of Ace2 and Accessory Proteinsmentioning
confidence: 57%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…ACE2 expression has been reported to be induced by interferons in some studies 1 , 2 . Other studies, however, suggest that interferon suppresses ACE2 expression 3 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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“…In support of the latter mechanism, recent transcriptional studies of COVID-19 patients suggested that ACE2 expression is induced by interferons 1 , 2 . Other studies, however, suggest that interferon suppresses ACE2 expression 3 .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…There is a growing literature about the relationship between COVID-19 disease severity, ACE2 expression, and interferon regulation [1][2][3][4][5][6] . Since ACE2 is known to promote recovery after lung injury and that SARS-CoV-2 manipulates the host interferon response [36][37][38] , the mis-regulation of these two pathways may play a major role in enhancing the severity of COVID-19.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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