Risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A meta-analysis of 50 years of research.

“…In the current study, total, motor and non-planning impulsivity were not associated with suicidal ideation or suicide attempt. This differs from earlier studies that report higher total, motor and non-planning impulsivity among college students with suicidal thoughts and behaviors (Hameed et al, 2017; Loftis et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2014) but appears to agree with meta-analytic studies that suggest that trait impulsivity is not a critical risk factor for suicide mortality (Anestis et al, 2014; Franklin et al, 2016). However, attentional impulsivity was related to suicidal ideation and suicide attempt which mirrors similar findings in a Canadian study (Daneshmend et al, 2022), suggesting that our finding may not be culturally specific.…”

“…Our results revealed an unexpected finding involving financial strain and suicide risk. Specifically, in contrast to previous research finding increased risk for suicidal behaviors among those experiencing financial strain, (Bryan & Bryan, 2019; Franklin et al, 2017) participants in the present study who reported feeling stressed about an unexpected bill or expense that could not be easily afforded were significantly less likely to have made a suicide attempt during the previous month. One potential explanation for this finding is that the risk of a suicide attempt initially declines in the immediate aftermath of acute financial strain, but increases over time as the financial strain persists.…”

“…Consistent with others, our findings suggest associations between wellbeing and mental health (Hedley et al, 2019; Keyes, 2005; Keyes et al, 2002), and wellbeing and suicide risk (Teismann, Brailovskaia, et al, 2018; Teismann, Forkmann, et al, 2018). Our finding that depression was not a significant predictor of SBQ‐R risk when controlling for personal wellbeing is somewhat inconsistent with the literature (Franklin et al, 2017; Hedley, Uljarević, Wilmot, et al, 2018; Jokiranta‐Olkoniemi et al, 2021; Nock et al, 2009). However, this finding is consistent with models suggesting a degree of independence between depression and suicide risk, and a role for positive mental health as a protective factor in the path from suicidal ideation to suicidal behavior (e.g., dual factor model; Teismann, Brailovskaia, et al, 2018).…”