2017
Rescue of exhausted CD8 T cells by PD-1–targeted therapies is CD28-dependent
Abstract: Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) targeted therapies enhance T cell responses and show efficacy in multiple cancers but the role of costimulatory molecules in this T cell rescue remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that the CD28/B7 costimulatory pathway is essential for effective PD-1 therapy during chronic viral infection of mice. Conditional gene deletion showed a cell-intrinsic requirement of CD28 for CD8 T cell proliferation after PD-1 blockade. B7-costimulation was also necessary for effective PD-1 therapy i…
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Cited by 991 publications
(813 citation statements)
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“…In line with this hypothesis, analysis of gp100-specific CD8 T cells of two melanoma patients showed expansion of tumor-reactive CD8 T cells upon PD-1 blockade in the tumor whereas an expansion of the T cell response was detected infrequently in peripheral blood (16). Second, contrary to previous studies suggesting a potential role of PD-1 blockade in priming of novel CD8 T cell responses (10)(11)(12)(13), our data show that PD-1 blockade does not significantly increase the breadth of the melanoma-reactive CD8 T cell response. In line with these findings, a recent study has demonstrated in a mouse model that anti-PD-1 therapy as monotherapy is insufficient for the priming of naïve tumor-specific CD8 T cells (28).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…In line with this hypothesis, analysis of gp100-specific CD8 T cells of two melanoma patients showed expansion of tumor-reactive CD8 T cells upon PD-1 blockade in the tumor whereas an expansion of the T cell response was detected infrequently in peripheral blood (16). Second, contrary to previous studies suggesting a potential role of PD-1 blockade in priming of novel CD8 T cell responses (10)(11)(12)(13), our data show that PD-1 blockade does not significantly increase the breadth of the melanoma-reactive CD8 T cell response. In line with these findings, a recent study has demonstrated in a mouse model that anti-PD-1 therapy as monotherapy is insufficient for the priming of naïve tumor-specific CD8 T cells (28).…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…However, the massive rollout or implementation of statin therapy in concert with ART during HIV infection is limited by drug to drug interactions [ 63 ]. Despite several study groups showing that lowering or blockade of checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1 results in the rescue of T cell function, we did not observe any differences in cytokine specific responses to Gag in A. indica treated versus untreated conditions [ 64 , 65 ].…”
Section: Discussioncontrasting
confidence: 99%
“…We found that patients that responded to PD-1 blockade experienced a greater increase in expression of the proliferation marker Ki67 particularly in CD28-expressing CD8 T cells. This is in accordance with previously published data showing an increase in CD8 T cell proliferation that correlates with clinical response and is largely driven by CD28-expressing CD8 T cells [ 13 , 27 ]. Furthermore, we show that the frequency of proliferating CD28+ CD8 T cells directly correlates with the frequency of CXCR3- and ICOS-expressing CD8 T cells at the 6-week timepoint, suggesting that the latter could be used as surrogate markers for PD-1 induced proliferation, avoiding the need for intracellular Ki67 staining.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
