Losses resulting from deliberate exploration trigger beta oscillations in frontal cortex

²

,

Tretyakova

³

et al. 2023

Genes & Cells

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Second, our internal evaluation of feedback focused on variations in functional activity within the orbitofrontal and lateral prefrontal cortical areas during exploratory (disadvantageous) choices between individuals with autism and control subjects. As previously reported, neurotypical subjects demonstrated significant beta synchronization following negative feedback after disadvantageous choices [1]. Contrary to control participants, individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibited a lack of synchronization in frontal beta oscillations following losses incurred from unfavorable selections.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Contrary to control participants, individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibited a lack of synchronization in frontal beta oscillations following losses incurred from unfavorable selections. This observation may indicate insufficient reinforcement of the internal utility model, which typically strengthens in response to negative outcomes that align with predicted results [1].…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…On the other hand, sporadic choices of a detrimental stimulus correspond to an exploration strategy, which may prove disadvantageous in a stable environment but enables adaptation to unforeseen changes in the surroundings. We hypothesized that there are characteristic differences in brain activity reflecting exploration and exploitation strategies between groups, which would emerge during the decision-making period and after internal feedback evaluation regarding advantageous and disadvantageous choices [1]. Beta oscillations (16-30 Hz) were analyzed in the magnetoencephalographic recordings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurophysiological mechanisms of exploration and exploitation in high-functioning autism: Magnetoencephalographic study

Chernyshev

¹

,

²

,

Tretyakova

³

et al. 2023

Genes & Cells

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…The first one aimed to examine whether ASD participants were unable to scale brain resources proportionally to processing demands, particularly failing to prioritize resource allocation for challenging explorative decisions while conserving processing resources for predictably advantageous exploitative ones. In our previous study on neurotypical adults, directed exploration decisions, conflicting with their predictably unfavorable outcomes, elicited greater pupil-linked arousal and α-β suppression, reflecting increased cortical processing resources as compared with exploitative ones (Chernyshev et al, 2023;Pultsina et al, 2024). Here, we investigated whether the ASD group showed a reduced ability to scale neural processing resources accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Neural Adaptation to Expected Uncertainty in Neurotypical Adults and High-Functioning Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

¹

,

Kozunova

²

,

Chernyshev

³

et al. 2025

Preprint

Self Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

“…Nevertheless, participants still make rare disadvantageous choices, probably in a purposeful search for information, at the cost of not using the option that is currently judged to be better. In favor of this assumption was the fact that risky exploratory versus safe exploitative decisions were associated with simultaneous increases in post-decision pupil dilation, increased decision-related brain activation, and slower decision times (Chernyshev et al, 2023; Kozunova et al, 2022). Thus, neurotypical subjects can optimally scale their subjective uncertainty, i.e., reduce decision time, brain activity, and autonomic arousal when choosing an option that has been frequently rewarded in the past (i.e., exploitative choice), while maintaining high phasic arousal and prolonged decision time when making a deliberate risky choice that conflicts with the model-based prediction (i.e., a directed exploratory choice).…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical Pupil-Linked Arousal Induced by Low-Risk Probabilistic Choices, and Intolerance of Uncertainty in Adults with ASD

¹

,

Stroganova

²

,

Kozunova

³

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.