Jci Insight
 2021
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148920
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HIV infection drives interferon signaling within intestinal SARS-CoV-2 target cells

Rabiah Fardoos
1
,
Osaretin E. Asowata
2
,
Nicholas Herbert
3
et al.

Abstract: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects epithelial cells of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract and causes related symptoms. HIV infection impairs gut homeostasis and is associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 fatality. To investigate the potential link between these observations, we analysed single cell transcriptional profiles and SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor expression across lymphoid and mucosal human tissue from chronically HIV infected individuals and uninfected control… Show more

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Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)
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“…Because of the widespread prevalence of EE in Zambia and a lack of existing screening methods to identify patients without EE, we could not obtain control biopsies from participants without EE in Zambia. Thus, as controls, we profiled samples from five adults recruited from a gastrointestinal unit in Durban, South Africa (two of which we profiled and three for which data were publicly available) ( 15 , 16 ), and two cohorts of patients in Boston, USA, where EE can safely be assumed not to occur (tables S1 and S2). We note that EE is often contextualized to health by either comparing intermediate EE with severe EE ( 17 ) or comparing patients with EE to control cohorts in the United States or the United Kingdom ( 6 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Examining the shifts in cell subset fractional abundances with HIV infection, we found known features of HIV biology including decreased fractional abundances of CD4 hi T cells and increased fractional abundances of γδ T cells highly expressing the HIV co-receptor CXCR4 (fig. S7, B and C) ( 15 ). In addition, within duodenal bulb samples, HIV pathology associated with increased fractional abundances of enterocytes highly expressing ANXA2 , FABP1 , and CD55 , suggesting that HIV pathology may contribute to the presence of this wound healing–like subset within the duodenal bulb (fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, amino acid deficiency may lead to hypoproliferative signaling in the EE epithelium characterized by reduced stem cell proliferation and goblet cell abundance. One intriguing aspect of this hypoproliferative signaling is that it stands in stark contrast to the hyperproliferative signaling observed in Crohn's disease, which is of particular interest, because limited evidence suggests lower rates of inflammatory bowel disease in countries where EE is endemic (15,49). However, when comparing within the EE cohort, more severe EE was positively associated with stem cell proliferation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 2 more Smart Citations
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…Because of the widespread prevalence of EE in Zambia and a lack of existing screening methods to identify patients without EE, we could not obtain control biopsies from participants without EE in Zambia. Thus, as controls, we profiled samples from five adults recruited from a gastrointestinal unit in Durban, South Africa (two of which we profiled and three for which data were publicly available) ( 15 , 16 ), and two cohorts of patients in Boston, USA, where EE can safely be assumed not to occur (tables S1 and S2). We note that EE is often contextualized to health by either comparing intermediate EE with severe EE ( 17 ) or comparing patients with EE to control cohorts in the United States or the United Kingdom ( 6 ).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Examining the shifts in cell subset fractional abundances with HIV infection, we found known features of HIV biology including decreased fractional abundances of CD4 hi T cells and increased fractional abundances of γδ T cells highly expressing the HIV co-receptor CXCR4 (fig. S7, B and C) ( 15 ). In addition, within duodenal bulb samples, HIV pathology associated with increased fractional abundances of enterocytes highly expressing ANXA2 , FABP1 , and CD55 , suggesting that HIV pathology may contribute to the presence of this wound healing–like subset within the duodenal bulb (fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Thus, amino acid deficiency may lead to hypoproliferative signaling in the EE epithelium characterized by reduced stem cell proliferation and goblet cell abundance. One intriguing aspect of this hypoproliferative signaling is that it stands in stark contrast to the hyperproliferative signaling observed in Crohn's disease, which is of particular interest, because limited evidence suggests lower rates of inflammatory bowel disease in countries where EE is endemic (15,49). However, when comparing within the EE cohort, more severe EE was positively associated with stem cell proliferation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…In the lung, T reg are promoted by alveolar macrophages, with a predominant M2 phenotype 37 . Given the common features evidenced, for example, in Mannar et al 38 and Fardoos et al 39 between SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1, along with the fact that T cells are decreased in critical COVID-19 patients 40 , we suppose that, similarly to what happens for HIV-1 7 , 22 , 41 , depending on the concentration of some CKs, in presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, T cells undergo chemoattraction (chemotaxis) or chemorepulsion (fugetaxis). We then assume that T cells are attracted towards infected T cells, but are repulsed by virions, allowing SARS-CoV-2 immune evasion.…”
Section: The Mathematical Modelmentioning
confidence: 95%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…This is determined by multiple host factors, including current and nadir CD4 count, the timing of ART initiation and current use of ART, the presence of comorbidities or co-infections, and individual variability of B-cell and T-cell responses to vaccines. The host response to COVID-19 in PWH further complicates this interaction, as type 1 interferon responses have been associated with severe COVID-19 [6], which may also be perturbed in chronic HIV infection [7].…”
Section: Susceptibility To Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavi...mentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
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