The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
 2019
DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002485
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Enteropathogens and Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity in a Cluster Randomized Trial of Improved Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Rural Zimbabwe

James A. Church
1
,
Elizabeth T. Rogawski McQuade
2
,
Kuda Mutasa
3
et al.

Abstract: Background: Oral rotavirus vaccines (RVVs) are less efficacious in lowincome versus high-income settings, plausibly due to more enteropathogen exposure through poor water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). We explored associations between enteropathogens and RVV immunogenicity and evaluated the effect of improved WASH on enteropathogen carriage. Methods: We detected stool enteropathogens using quantitative molecular methods and measured anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in infan… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)
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“…We recently reported that enteropathogen carriage was not associated with RVV seroconversion in this cohort [22]. The results presented here extend these observations by showing that neither commensal nor pathogenic enteric microbes influenced RVV seroconversion.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…RVV seroconversion, measured in a subset of infants, was 23.7% rate despite high vaccine coverage, demonstrating its suitability as a representative infant population with low RVV immunogenicity. Within this subgroup, we have previously investigated and reported on a number of environmental factors associated with RVV seroconversion including enteropathogen carriage, WASH, household factors, birthweight and nutritional status [20, 22, 32]. Hence the data presented here, albeit negative, add to the evidence base of RVV immunogenicity in a unique, well-characterised cohort by contributing unique insight into the intestinal milieu and its association with oral vaccine efficacy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 89%
See 1 more Smart Citation
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…We recently reported that enteropathogen carriage was not associated with RVV seroconversion in this cohort [22]. The results presented here extend these observations by showing that neither commensal nor pathogenic enteric microbes influenced RVV seroconversion.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 86%
“…RVV seroconversion, measured in a subset of infants, was 23.7% rate despite high vaccine coverage, demonstrating its suitability as a representative infant population with low RVV immunogenicity. Within this subgroup, we have previously investigated and reported on a number of environmental factors associated with RVV seroconversion including enteropathogen carriage, WASH, household factors, birthweight and nutritional status [20, 22, 32]. Hence the data presented here, albeit negative, add to the evidence base of RVV immunogenicity in a unique, well-characterised cohort by contributing unique insight into the intestinal milieu and its association with oral vaccine efficacy.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 89%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…We recently reported that enteropathogen carriage was not associated with RVV seroconversion in this cohort [22] . The results presented here extend these observations by showing that neither commensal nor pathogenic enteric microbes were associated with RVV seroconversion.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 52%
“…We therefore hypothesized that the infant gut microbiome in the days/weeks immediately before or after vaccination, during viral vaccine replication, may influence subsequent immunogenicity. Furthermore, this approach complemented our previous analyses of enteropathogens and RVV immunogenicity in this same cohort using the same cut-off around vaccination, thereby providing us with a consistent analytical approach with which to investigate the intestinal milieu and RVV immunogenicity [22] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
show abstract
“…In line to our study, a Zimbabwean study, a high prevalence of enteropathogen infections at the time of oral RV vaccine administration was seen. However, the authors found no definable relationship between RV vaccine immunogenicity and enteropathogen burden and did not see an improvement in vaccine response after improved sanitation and hygiene practices [41] . On the contrary, in a Bangladeshi cohort, the authors found association of enterovirus quantity with diminished RV IgA, failure to seroconvert, as well as increased RV associated diarrheal events [9] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 90%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
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