Effects of Single and Combined Water, Sanitation and Handwashing Interventions on Fecal Contamination in the Domestic Environment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh

Ercümen, Ayşe; Mertens, Andrew; Arnold, Benjamin F.; Benjamin‐Chung, Jade; Hubbard, Alan; Ahmed, Mir Alvee; Kabir, Mir Himayet; Khalil, Md. Masudur Rahman; Kumar, Ashish; Rahman, Md Sajjadur; Parvez, Sarker Masud; Unicomb, Leanne; Rahman, Mahbubur; Ram, Pavani K.; Clasen, Thomas; Luby, Stephen P.; Colford, John M.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b05153

Environ. Sci. Technol.

2018

DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05153

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Effects of Single and Combined Water, Sanitation and Handwashing Interventions on Fecal Contamination in the Domestic Environment: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial in Rural Bangladesh

Ayşe Ercümen

¹

,

Andrew Mertens

²

,

Benjamin F. Arnold

³

et al.

Abstract: Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions have varying effectiveness in reducing fecal contamination in the domestic environment; delivering them in combination could yield synergies. We conducted environmental assessments within a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh that implemented single and combined water treatment, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and nutrition interventions (WASH Benefits, NCT01590095). After one and two years of intervention, we quantified fecal indicator bacteria in samples of dr… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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50

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“…Our findings differ from previous assessments of the WASH Benefits interventions, which found that the water treatment, handwashing and combined WASH interventions more effectively reduced E. coli in stored water and food during the dry season compared to the wet season 12,13 and no effect modification by season in sanitation intervention effects on environmental contamination 14 . The calendar-based (June-October) and/or binary definitions of wet season in these studies do not capture rain-free episodes during the wet season or occurrences of rain during the dry season.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Temperature Modify Effects of On-Site Sanitation Intervention on E. coli Contamination in Bangladeshi Households

Niven

¹

,

Islam

²

,

Nguyen

³

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

2

0

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…Our findings differ from previous assessments of the WASH Benefits interventions, which found that the water treatment, handwashing and combined WASH interventions more effectively reduced E. coli in stored water and food during the dry season compared to the wet season 12,13 and no effect modification by season in sanitation intervention effects on environmental contamination 14 . The calendar-based (June-October) and/or binary definitions of wet season in these studies do not capture rain-free episodes during the wet season or occurrences of rain during the dry season.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Rainfall and Temperature Modify Effects of On-Site Sanitation Intervention on E. coli Contamination in Bangladeshi Households

Niven

¹

,

Islam

²

,

Nguyen

³

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

2

0

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…Our findings are consistent with the parallel WASH Benefits trial in Bangladesh, which also reported no reduction in child hand or toy E. coli contamination in the WSH intervention arms despite having higher uptake of the interventions . Notably, our post hoc analyses revealed that child hand contamination was higher in households owning greater numbers of goats.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Addressing Fecal Contamination in Rural Kenyan Households: The Roles of Environmental Interventions and Animal Ownership

Swarthout

¹

,

Mureithi

²

,

Mboya

³

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…Additionally, FCR declined from collection to distribution to household, and the strongest predictor of household water safety was FCR at the household water. This result is consistent with previous studies 30,31 and emphasizes the importance of chlorinating trucked water, especially in contexts with low household water treatment use. We recommend emphasizing both quantity and quality of supplied water and incorporating systematic FCR monitoring into programming.…”

Section: ■ Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Delivering Drinking Water by Truck in Humanitarian Contexts: Results from Mixed-Methods Evaluations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Bangladesh

Sikder

¹

,

Mirindi

²

,

String

³

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

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