Dynamics of the Gut Microbiome in Shigella -Infected Children during the First Two Years of Life

“…A lower microbiota diversity could contribute to infection by diarrheal pathogens due to a reduced colonization resistance provided by commensal bacteria ( 13 , 28 ). However, a reduced microbiota diversity is not a necessary condition for the development of PWD since we found that the microbiota diversity in female suckling piglets was not linked to the later development of diarrheal disease, as reported in other species ( 24 – 26 ).…”

“…In contrast, we observed no link between the overall gut microbiota structure in suckling piglets and the later development of PWD, which is in agreement with previous results obtained 3 days before weaning in piglets that later developed PWD ( 18 ). Other studies on calves, rhesus macaque, and human infants similarly showed that the microbiota structure in early life was not associated with the later development of diarrheal diseases ( 24 – 26 ). The susceptibility to PWD could be mediated by a high abundance in early life of pathobionts involved in diarrheal diseases (e.g., Escherichia and Salmonella ) or by a depletion of protective taxa (e.g., Lactobacillaceae ) ( 3 , 4 , 9 , 15 ).…”

“…Considering the importance of Shigella as the main cause of death in children due to dysentery (Ndungo et al, 2022), a total of 10 Shigella strains were chosen according to the serogroups ( S. flexneri and S. sonnei ), gene profiling ( virA , sen , ipgD , ipaD , ipaC , ipaB , and ipaH ), and antibiotic resistance phenotyping (ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefixime, cefotaxime, minocycline, and levofloxacin), which were determined in our previous study (Tables 1 –3) (Karimi-Yazdi et al, 2020). This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398.262).…”

“…In children infected with Giardia duodenalis , an increased bacterial species diversity and a reduced total bacterial count have been noted [ 77 ] . In Shigella infections, there is an expansion of species known to promote gastrointestinal health and restore microbiota homeostasis [ 78 ] . Rotavirus-induced diarrhea in children has been associated with an increased abundance of the Actinobacteria phylum, as well as Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus , and Lactobacillus species.…”