Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children’s Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function

Romeo, Rachel; Leonard, Julia; Robinson, Sydney T.; West, Martin R.; Mackey, Allyson P.; Rowe, Meredith L.; Gabrieli, John D. E.

doi:10.1177/0956797617742725

Psychol Sci

2018

DOI: 10.1177/0956797617742725

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Beyond the 30-Million-Word Gap: Children’s Conversational Exposure Is Associated With Language-Related Brain Function

Rachel Romeo

¹

,

Julia Leonard

²

,

Sydney T. Robinson

³

et al.

Abstract: Children's early language exposure impacts their later linguistic skills, cognitive abilities, and academic achievement, and large disparities in language exposure are associated with family socioeconomic status (SES). However, there is little evidence about the neural mechanisms underlying the relation between language experience and linguistic and cognitive development. Here, language experience was measured from home audio recordings of 36 SES-diverse 4- to 6-year-old children. During a story-listening func… Show more

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Cited by 767 publications

(572 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

36

Mentioning

514

Contrasting

4

Unclassified

18

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“…In addition, the sample for the current study was Western and highly educated. Unlike previous studies (Romeo et al, 2018a), we found no associations with SES. Nonetheless, we observed wide variation in language input within this restricted sample.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic Language Input is Associated with Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Infancy

King

¹

,

Camacho

²

,

Montez

³

et al. 2020

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…In addition, the sample for the current study was Western and highly educated. Unlike previous studies (Romeo et al, 2018a), we found no associations with SES. Nonetheless, we observed wide variation in language input within this restricted sample.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic Language Input is Associated with Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Infancy

King

¹

,

Camacho

²

,

Montez

³

et al. 2020

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…These effects are also selective within the language network and located primarily in the major hubs of this network (BA45 and posterior MTG) in the LH. These findings are consistent with previous studies showing functional and anatomical changes associated with the quantity and quality of language input among typically developing children ( 22 – 24 ). The results are further consistent with the functional and behavioral language profile of deaf late first-language learners who often struggle with aspects of language use ( 26 – 28 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Restricted language access during childhood affects adult brain structure in selective language regions

Cheng

¹

,

Roth

²

,

Halgren

³

et al. 2023

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

“…This is consistent with Romeo et al. (2018), who suggested that conversational turn‐taking rather than the quantity of words power the child's vocabulary acquisition. We acknowledge that many factors are associated with the child's vocabulary development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The parent–child turn‐taking interactions differed in families, as well, where some children experienced 100 CTT a day and others almost 2000. Consistent with prior research (e.g., Romeo et al., 2018), interactions were very important to the child's language development and parent–child CTT was significantly associated with the child's language development. Both qualitative (MST) and quantitative (CTT) aspects of the parent's talk significantly contributed to the variance in the child's vocabulary suggesting they were both important to the development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Qualitative and quantitative aspects of child‐directed parental talk and the relation to 2‐year‐old's developing vocabulary

Sundqvist

¹

,

Koch

²

,

Söderberg

³

et al. 2022

Infancy

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

show abstract

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