2022
DOI: 10.1101/2022.08.29.505718
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Bacterial Microbiome and Host Inflammatory Gene Expression in Foreskin Tissue

Abstract: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective at preventing HIV acquisition, but its impact on the microbiome of the penis has not been described. As part of a randomized clinical trial, we sequenced the bacterial 16S microbiome from foreskin tissue collected during surgical penile circumcision of 144 adolescents in South Africa and Uganda after randomization to placebo, emtricitabine with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, or emtricitabine with tenofovir alafenamide. We found a large proportion of Corynebacter… Show more

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“…The penile microbiome, located on the outer area of the penis such as the foreskin or coronal sulcus, has been found to be up to 20‐fold higher in total bacterial abundance than in the urethra [111]. Recent studies on the penile microbiome identified the presence of numerous bacterial species which can vary depending on the individual and are associated with factors such as sexual practices, infection, and even the urogenital microbiome of their partner [112].…”
Section: Microbiome and Fertilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.
“…The penile microbiome, located on the outer area of the penis such as the foreskin or coronal sulcus, has been found to be up to 20‐fold higher in total bacterial abundance than in the urethra [111]. Recent studies on the penile microbiome identified the presence of numerous bacterial species which can vary depending on the individual and are associated with factors such as sexual practices, infection, and even the urogenital microbiome of their partner [112].…”
Section: Microbiome and Fertilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.