Adolescents exhibit behavioral differences from adults during instrumental learning and extinction.

Sturman, David A.; Mandell, Daniel R.; Moghaddam, Bita

doi:10.1037/a0018463

Behavioral Neuroscience

2010

DOI: 10.1037/a0018463

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Adolescents exhibit behavioral differences from adults during instrumental learning and extinction.

David A. Sturman¹,

Daniel R. Mandell²,

Bita Moghaddam³

Abstract: Adolescence is associated with the development of brain regions linked to cognition and emotion. Such changes are thought to contribute to the behavioral and neuropsychiatric vulnerabilities of this period. We compared adolescent (P28-42) and adult (P60+) rats as they performed a simple instrumental task and extinction. Animals were trained to poke into a hole for a food-pellet reinforcer. After six days of training, animals underwent extinction sessions in which the previously rewarded behavior was no longer … Show more

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Cited by 70 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…In fact, adult males had higher levels of approach than adolescent males in the final conditioning sessions. This result is consistent with a recent study of instrumental conditioning where adult males responded more than adolescent males with repeated training (Sturman et al, 2010). The results in male and female animals indicate that the reduction in goal-directed behavior in adolescents may have a negative effect on the acquisition of approach behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age and sex differences in reward behavior in adolescent and adult rats

Hammerslag

¹

,

Gulley

²

2013

Developmental Psychobiology

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…In fact, adult males had higher levels of approach than adolescent males in the final conditioning sessions. This result is consistent with a recent study of instrumental conditioning where adult males responded more than adolescent males with repeated training (Sturman et al, 2010). The results in male and female animals indicate that the reduction in goal-directed behavior in adolescents may have a negative effect on the acquisition of approach behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Age and sex differences in reward behavior in adolescent and adult rats

Hammerslag

¹

,

Gulley

²

2013

Developmental Psychobiology

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…A fifth possible explanation for the present results is simply that adolescents do not learn or adapt to new contingencies as quickly as adults. The present results closely conform to a recent report which demonstrated that adolescents can learn an operant response (a nosepoke) as readily as adults, but extinction of that response is impaired in adolescents (Sturman, Mandell, & Moghaddam, 2010). Although methodological differences exist between their report and the present data (e.g., dependent measures, responses topographies, deprivation conditions), taken together, they strongly suggest that extinction of operant responding occurs more slowly in adolescents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A comparison of adult and adolescent rat behavior in operant learning, extinction, and behavioral inhibition paradigms.

Andrzejewski

¹

,

Schochet²,

Feit³

et al. 2011

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…In addition, prepubertal animals of both sexes spent a greater percentage of time in the initial quadrant, suggesting that the deficit in reversal in prepubertal subjects might be characterized as a deficit in cognitive flexibility. This is consistent with a study in which presumably prepubertal males (P28–42) committed more perseveration errors than adults on an extinction task (Sturman et al, 2010). The present study suggests that pubertal onset may be associated with rapid changes in cognitive behavior, which may accompany the neuroanatomical changes in the mPFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…This is consistent with a study in which presumably pre-pubertal males (P28-42) committed more perseveration errors than adults on an extinction task (Sturman et al, 2010). The present study suggests that pubertal onset may be associated with rapid changes in cognitive behavior, which may accompany the neuroanatomical changes in the mPFC.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

A role for puberty in water maze performance in male and female rats.

Willing¹,

Drzewiecki

²

,

Cuenod³

et al. 2016

Behavioral Neuroscience

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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