Acquisition of CS-US contingencies during Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder

Rabinak, Christine A.; Mori, Shoko; Lyons, Maryssa; Milad, Mohammed R.; Phan, K. Luan

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.018

Journal of Affective Disorders

2017

DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.09.018

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Acquisition of CS-US contingencies during Pavlovian fear conditioning and extinction in social anxiety disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder

Christine A. Rabinak

¹

,

Shoko Mori

²

,

Maryssa Lyons

³

et al.

Abstract: Group sample sizes were small and we did not include a trauma-exposed group without PTSD CONCLUSIONS: Both SAD and PTSD generalize expectations of an aversive outcome across CSs, even when a CS never signals an aversive outcome and PTSD may tend to over-expect threat. Fear learning and extinction abnormalities may be a core feature underlying shared symptoms across fear-based disorders.

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Cited by 63 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Subsequent research has demonstrated that this effect is present only among those with panic disorder coupled with a high intolerance of uncertainty (Gorka et al 2014) and that deficits in cognitive flexibility may be the driving mechanism (Lieberman et al 2016). Similar patterns have been observed among individuals with various phobias and SAD, such that extinction is delayed or impaired (de Jong & Merckelbach 1993, Hermann et al 2002, Rabinak et al 2017) and inhibition of fear to safety signals is poor (Hermann et al 2002, Rabinak et al 2017).…”

Section: Extinction and Inhibitory Learningsupporting

confidence: 67%

Augmentation of Extinction and Inhibitory Learning in Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders

Lebois

¹

,

Seligowski

²

,

Wolff

³

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“…Subsequent research has demonstrated that this effect is present only among those with panic disorder coupled with a high intolerance of uncertainty (Gorka et al 2014) and that deficits in cognitive flexibility may be the driving mechanism (Lieberman et al 2016). Similar patterns have been observed among individuals with various phobias and SAD, such that extinction is delayed or impaired (de Jong & Merckelbach 1993, Hermann et al 2002, Rabinak et al 2017) and inhibition of fear to safety signals is poor (Hermann et al 2002, Rabinak et al 2017).…”

Section: Extinction and Inhibitory Learningsupporting

confidence: 67%

Augmentation of Extinction and Inhibitory Learning in Anxiety and Trauma-Related Disorders

Lebois

¹

,

Seligowski

²

,

Wolff

³

et al. 2019

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

Get access via publisher Add to dashboard Cite

Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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“… Hermann et al (2002) reported that in comparison to HC subjects, socially anxious patients gave overall higher US expectancy ratings, which was due to enhanced US expectancy towards the CS-. Rabinak et al (2017) also found that patients with SAD showed greater US expectancy towards the CS- during early and late threat acquisition compared to HCs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The remaining nine experiments did not use socially relevant US ( i.e., female scream, odour, loud alarm, electric shock, white noise, air blast) (see Table 1 ). Four of these experiments did not find a significant relationship, while five of experiments ( Hermann et al, 2002 ; Olsson et al, 2013 ; Rabinak et al, 2017 ; Shiban et al, 2015 ) reported an effect of social anxiety on responses towards the CS during threat acquisition. During threat extinction, four experiments that did not employ socially relevant US found an effect of social anxiety on conditioning processes ( Fyer et al, 2020 ; Hermann et al, 2002 ; Olsson et al, 2013 ; Shiban et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Four experiments incorporated socially irrelevant CSs (coloured bells and coloured streetlights) (see Table 1 ). Rabinak et al (2017) found an effect of social anxiety during the acquisition phase, but not the extinction phase. Fyer et al (2020) found an effect of social anxiety during late extinction, but not across the whole extinction phase or during the acquisition phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Within studies focused on SAD, the number of dependent variables (DV) measured when examining threat acquisition and extinction varied across studies (range one to seven dependent variables, see Table 3 ). For acquisition, three out of seven experiments found an effect of social anxiety on differential conditioning on at least one dependent variable (DV) ( Hermann et al, 2002 , 4/8 DVs; Lissek et al, 2008 , 1/4 DVs; Rabinak et al, 2017 , 1/1 DVs); none found effects consistently across multiple dependent variables. Similarly, three out of five experiments that examined the impact of SAD during the threat extinction phase found an effect of SAD on at least one dependent variable ( Fyer et al., 2020 , 1/1; Hermann et al, 2002 , 2/8 DVs; Tinoco-González et al., 2015 , Exp 1, DVs).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The effect of social anxiety on threat acquisition and extinction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Wake

¹

,

Hedger

²

,

Reekum

³

et al. 2024

Peerj

6

0

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Exaggerated anticipatory anxiety is common in social anxiety disorder (SAD). Neuroimaging studies have revealed altered neural activity in response to social stimuli in SAD, but fewer studies have examined neural activity during anticipation of feared social stimuli in SAD. The current study examined the time course and magnitude of activity in threat processing brain regions during speech anticipation in socially anxious individuals and healthy controls (HC). Method Participants (SAD n = 58; HC n = 16) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during which they completed a 90s control anticipation task and 90s speech anticipation task.

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